External infections in cats 

Skin infections 

Did you know that an animal’s skin is its largest organ? The skin plays a vital role in protecting the body against physical injury, and hazardous substances. It also has an important role as a sensory organ (touch, temperature detection etc.). If your cat has a skin infection you may notice the signs such as: 

• Inflammation
• Change of skin colour e.g., redness 
• Feels warm to the touch 
• Weeping or pus 

Skin infections in cats can develop for many reasons. Some common causes include flea allergic dermatitis (FAD), which is an allergic reaction to the saliva of a flea bite; or trauma to the skin such as a cut. Injury to the skin can lead to secondary irritation and infection. It is common for cats to exacerbate their wound by licking or scratching at the affected area. Cats are also prone to abscesses, which are often the result of a bite from another cat when fighting outside. 

Treatment for skin infections will vary depending on the clinical presentation. Depending on the severity, the vet may prescribe topical cream or a course of antibiotics in the form of an injection or oral medication. 

Eye infections 

Eye infections are not uncommon in cats, most often following irritation or injury. The most commonly seen eye conditions seen in cats are conjunctivitis and ulceration. 

Signs of eye infections often include:

• Watery or thick discharge from the eyes
• Reddening of the eye or surrounding the eye 
• Swelling around the eyes 
• Squinting or excessive blinking 
• Pawing or rubbing the eye 
• Holding the eye closed 
• Sensitivity to light 

Most eye infections will need topical drops/ointments to treat the signs, this is because there is very poor blood supply to the surface of the eye, meaning oral treatments are less effective. Your vet will prescribe the most appropriate treatment, depending on what signs are seen. Most eye infections resolve quickly with the appropriate medication but can deteriorate quickly if left untreated. 

Ear infections 

Ear infections are not seen very often in cats but do occur. Cats with an underlying disease, or young kittens with ear mites are most at risk. If left untreated, ear infections can become very painful and can cause permanent damage to the cats hearing. Ear infections may be caused by allergens, bacterial or yeast infections, parasites, or foreign bodies (e.g. grass seeds). Signs of ear infections often include: 

• Scratching and pawing at the ears 
• Shaking of the head  
• Reluctance to let you touch the ears 
• Swelling and redness 
• Tilting of their head to one side 
• Discharge 
• Smelly ears

To treat ear infections correctly your vet may swab the ear, in order to identify the cause and be able to prescribe the correct medication. This may be in the form of an ear drop and/or oral medication. If parasites are involved, then an antiparasitic treatment may be prescribed.