Arthritis in dogs  

What causes arthritis?

Arthritis can develop for a number of reasons, some of which are listed below: 

Breed or size

Certain dog breeds are more susceptible to arthritis than others. Larger dogs are most at risk because of the amount of pressure their weight places on their joints.  

Age

Just like you and I, as your dog approaches old age, the chances of suffering from arthritis increase due to years of wear and tear on their joints. 

Abnormally shaped bones or cartilage 

Some breeds of dog are predisposed to developmental diseases such as hip or elbow dysplasia; other breeds are prone to deformities of the joint during growth, which causes the dog to develop abnormal movement patterns, and can, in some cases, cause early onset arthritis. 

Obesity 
Excess body weight can not only increase the likelihood of developing arthritis but can also hasten the progression and severity of existing disease. Heavier animals increase the mechanical load and force exerted through their joints daily, particularly when engaging in exertive activities such as running or jumping. 

Injuries 

Any injuries to the bones, joints or ligaments, especially if not properly treated, can increase the likelihood of a dog developing arthritis. 

Signs 

Arthritis causes chronic (persistent) pain, signs of which are often very subtle. It is important to look out for any signs of arthritis in dogs of all ages, because it can occur in both young and adult dogs, and early detection can be key to managing the disease. The immediate family are best placed to notice if there are any subtle differences in the way your dog behaves or moves, these might include some of the following:

Changes to behaviour and movement

• Changes in temperament toward people and/or dogs         
• Lameness/limping     
• Reluctance to jump in/out of the car or go up/down stairs
• Difficulty settling or getting comfortable      
• Stiffness - especially after periods of rest     
• Sleeping more
• Difficulty toileting      
• Licking joints  
• Changes in body shape and/or coat
• Slowing down or reluctance to go on a walk
• General signs of pain e.g. panting, loss of appetite
• Asymmetrical nail wear and/or change in toe position

Arthritis requires multimodal management 

Arthritis can only be diagnosed by your vet once they have physically examined your dog. After diagnosis, your vet will help you decide on what actions to take to help manage the progression of the disease and the pain it causes. These actions might include a combination of: 

• Medical management 

• Possible surgery 

• Modifications and adaptations to the home environment 

• Exercise management

• Neutraceuticals and supplements 

• Weight management 

• Complementary therapies